The implementation strategy is based on the establishment of partnerships and on decentralization of the implementation of activities. In terms of the financing of the activities, the implementation strategy was strongly based on external resources (GEF and USCS), while providing for a gradual transition in the future to a greater share of domestic resources in the implementation of the Program.

Since the Program began in 1996, a greater involvement in the Program has been sought from institutions and specialists, whether in the development of the inventory or in the discussion of issues relevant to the negotiation of commitments and implementation of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol. In the case of the Inventory, there are three different types of involvement: contracting of institutions and specialists with resources from the GEF/USCS, involvement of federal institutions at the request of MCT, and participation on a voluntary basis on the part of private sector companies and sectoral associations.

These different types of participation have been a management challenge at different levels. In the case of the contracted studies, it is easier to make demands for products and deadlines, which is not the case for the institutional participation at the request of MCT, for public corporations and other Ministries, and in the case of volunteer participation in the Program.

Another problem in the issue of climate change is the perception, correct and widespread, on the part of society that Brazil is not a great contributor to the worsening of the problem of the greenhouse effect, which makes the implementation of the studies difficult, because the issue is not considered to be of high priority or important.

In the case of the industrial sector, participation is also difficult because some sectors that are large emitters of greenhouse gases see the possibility of Brazilian commitments to limit greenhouse gas emissions in the future as a threat. This makes a dialogue with the government difficult, because it is seen as a potential regulator and enforcer of greenhouse gas emissions in the future.

The partnerships that will be encouraged and broadened, with decentralized actions and involvement of key partners, are indispensable to the implementation of the Program. The basic proposal for implementation of the Program consists of the maintenance and strengthening of existing partnerships, increasing the effective capacity of these institutions in relation to climate change, and establishment of new partnerships, especially in new areas such as health, with the involvement of the Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, and with the States and Municipalities that, for the purposes of the inventory have responsibility for treatment of sewage and landfills, respectively. Within the MCT itself, along with the involvement of FINEP and of CPTEC/INPE, which coordinate actions in the Program, there is the need for development of a project with CNPq for support of research in terms of the studies required for the inventory, based on the areas identified during its development where there was a lack of knowledge about Brazil. The support for research could also be broadened through partnerships with FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG, among others, which should be encouraged and strengthened.

One last important aspect of the implementation of the Program is the analysis of the interface of the Climate Change Program with other programs of the PPA. There are connections that need to be identified, and a process of dialogue should be initiated with the managers of each of the projects related to climate change to seek out synergy and explore partnerships. For example, the action related to vulnerability in the area of health due to climate change is an example that could have an important connection with programs that seek to combat contagious endemic diseases, such as malaria and dengue, in the health area of the Program Advance Brazil (Programa Avança Brasil).

In terms of financing of activities, the Program of the 2000/2003 PPA began a gradual transition to less dependency on external resources, seeking greater autonomy and dynamism. It should be noted that, because there is an obligation that the costs incurred in the development of the inventory be paid for with resources from the financial mechanism of the Convention, there will necessarily be external resources available through the GEF. Preliminary negotiations are under way with the GEF, through UNDP as the agent, for obtaining resources in the amount of around R$ 3,000,000. The resources called for in the PPA are around R$ 1,400,000.00, of which around R$ 300,000.00 are through FINEP (FNDCT) and R$ 100.000,00 are allocated to INPE/CPTEC.

By virtue of the international recognition achieved by these activities, both for the inventory, which is recognized by the GEF/UNDP itself as the most wide-ranging and successful work of all the projects in developing countries, and also resulting from the negotiating positions in Kyoto originating in the Brazilian proposal, in particular the creation of the CDM, there are real possibilities for obtaining external resources, beyond those which the GEF is obligated to provide, especially for carrying out studies about the Clean Development Mechanism. Projects for international cooperation have already been proposed by the government of Switzerland and the U. S. State of New Jersey.